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2024 Chisinthiko cha nyumba zomangidwa kale

Kusintha kwa nyumba zomangidwa kale

Kukula kwa nyumba zomangidwa kale, monga njira yomangira yopangidwa kale m'mafakitale ndikusonkhanitsidwa pamalopo, zitha kuyambika zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, ndipo zasintha mosalekeza motsogozedwa ndi ukadaulo wamakono kuti ukhale gawo lofunikira lamakono. malo omanga omwe sangathe kunyalanyazidwa. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za chitukuko cha nyumba zomangidwa kale, kuyambira koyambira mpaka masiku ano, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo ndi zopereka zawo pamagawo osiyanasiyana a mbiri yakale.

Nyumba zopangiratu pamtengo wabwino

Chiyambi ndi Chitukuko Choyambirira

Lingaliro la nyumba zomangidwa kale likhoza kuyambika kuyambira kale kwambiri. Zida zopangiratu zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba panthawi yachitukuko cha Mesopotamiya, ndipo njirayo idagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu Ufumu wa Roma pomanga mipanda ndi nyumba za anthu. M’nthaŵi zamakono, njira zomangira zopangiratu zidakulitsidwanso ndi kubwera kwa Industrial Revolution. Nyumba zamafamu zomangidwa kale zidayamba kutchuka chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 19, makamaka panthawi ya Gold Rush ndi Migration Rush, pomwe nyumba zomangidwa kale zidakondedwa chifukwa chosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo.

Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 zidawona zofunikira kwambiri pakumanga koyambirira. 1889 adamanga nsanja yotchuka ya Eiffel ku Paris ndi Gustave Eiffel, nyumba yodziwika bwino yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi kuchokera ku zida zachitsulo zomwe zidapangidwa kale, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kopangira ma projekiti akulu akulu. Pambuyo pake, zipinda za konkire zokhazikika zidayamba kuwoneka m'malo monga United Kingdom ndi North America, ndipo ukadaulo womanga wa precast unasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka ku nyumba zosakhalitsa kupita ku nyumba zokhazikika.

Nthawi ya mafakitale ndi standardization

M'zaka za m'ma 1900, ntchito yomanga precast idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka pantchito yomanga nyumba ndi zomangamanga. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, kuyimitsidwa kwa zida zomangira ndi kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wopanga, mtengo wanyumba zomangidwa kale udachepetsedwanso ndipo nthawi yomanga idafupikitsidwa kwambiri. M’kati mwa nkhondo ziŵiri zapadziko lonse, nyumba zomangidwa kale zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala kuthetsa vuto la kusowa kwa nyumba ndipo zinakhala mphamvu yofunikira pakumanganso pambuyo pa nkhondo chifukwa cha kumanga kwawo mofulumira ndi kutsika mtengo.

Ku China, chitukuko cha nyumba zomangidwa kale zidayamba mochedwa koma zidakula mwachangu. M’zaka za m’ma 1950, boma la China linayamba kulabadira za chitukuko cha mafakitale omanga ndipo linalengeza Chigamulo Cholimbikitsa ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Makampani Omangamanga m’chaka cha 1956, kusonyeza poyambira ntchito ya zomangamanga ku China. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa dongosolo lazachuma lomwe linakonzedwa panthawiyo, kusintha kwa nyumba zomangidwa kale kunali kochepa. Pambuyo pa kukonzanso ndi kutsegula, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo la chuma cha msika, makampani opangira zomangamanga pang'onopang'ono adalowa mu gawo lachitukuko chofulumira, ndipo msinkhu waumisiri ndi msika wamsika zakhala bwino kwambiri.

Ukadaulo wamakono komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu

M'zaka za zana la 21, nyumba zomangidwa kale zadzetsa mwayi watsopano wachitukuko ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso chitukuko chosalekeza chamakampani omanga. kukhazikitsidwa kwa umisiri monga BIM (Building Information Modeling), kusindikiza kwa 3D ndi automation kwapangitsa kupanga zida zopangiratu kukhala zolondola komanso zogwira mtima. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nyumba zomangidwa kale zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo nyumba, malonda ndi mafakitale, ndipo zakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zomangamanga zamakono.

Ku China, chisinthiko chamakampani omanga omwe adapangidwa kale ndiwodziwika kwambiri. Ndi kufulumira kwa kukula kwa mizinda ndi kupitirizabe kukula kwa anthu, nyumba zomangidwa kale zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba, nyumba zamalonda, mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale ndi madera ena chifukwa cha ubwino wawo monga nthawi yochepa yomanga, khalidwe lokhazikika, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Boma lathandiziranso kwambiri ntchito yomanga nyumba zomwe zidapangidwa kale pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo za ndondomeko, monga malo, ndalama zothandizira ndalama komanso zolimbikitsa msonkho.

Mavuto ndi Zoyembekeza Zam'tsogolo

Ngakhale zabwino zambiri za nyumba zomangidwa kale, kusinthika kwawo kumakumanabe ndi zovuta zina. Mavuto monga kusasamala kwa khalidwe, kusagwirizana bwino pakati pa mapangidwe ndi malo ozungulira, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya luso la zomangamanga ndi ogwira ntchito ayenera kuthetsedwa pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya chitukuko. Kuonjezera apo, kuvomereza msika kwa nyumba zomangidwa kale kuyenera kukonzedwanso, ndipo kukayikira kwa ogula za ubwino ndi ntchito zawo kuyenera kuthetsedwa kupyolera muzochitika zenizeni ndi kulengeza.

Komabe, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kuzama kwa lingaliro lachitetezo cha chilengedwe, ziyembekezo zamakampani omanga opangidwa kale zimakhalabe zowala. M'tsogolomu, nyumba zomangidwa kale zidzasamalira kwambiri luso laukadaulo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana zamsika popitiliza kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azinthu. Nthawi yomweyo, boma lipitiliza kuwonjezera thandizo kuti lipititse patsogolo kusinthika kwabwino kwamakampani omanga omwe adapangidwa kale.

Pomaliza, mbiri yachisinthiko ya nyumba zomangidwa kale ndi njira yopitilira kusinthika kuchokera ku chitukuko chakale kupita kuukadaulo wamakono. Pochita izi, nyumba zomangidwa kale zakhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchito yomanga yamakono ndi maubwino ake apadera komanso mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo komanso kukula kosalekeza kwa msika, nyumba zomangidwa kale zidzagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pantchito yomanga yamtsogolo.

Dziwani zambiri:https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1804416911104281576&wfr=spider&for=pc


Nthawi yotumiza: 09-11-2024

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